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- November 28, 1988PAKISTANNow, the Hard Part: Governing
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-
- Is Bhutto up to the challenge?
-
- Elation exploded in the cities of Pakistan last week. As
- Acting President Ghulam Ishaq Khan announced that Benazir
- Bhutto, the leader of the Pakistan People's Party, would become
- the first female Prime Minister of a Muslim country, chanting
- crowds surged through the streets, and fireworks lighted the
- sky. Excitement rose to fever pitch as Bhutto, 35, was sworn
- in at the presidential compound in Islamabad.
-
- There was ample reason for celebration--and for caution. After
- eleven years of military domination, Bhutto's installation caped
- the most peaceful transition to democracy in Pakistan's
- coup-riddled 41- year history. Harvard- and Oxford-educated,
- Bhutto secured her selection as PRime Minister when her party
- won 92 of the 237 parliamentary seats in the Nov. 16 election
- and then patched together alliances with small parties and
- minority groups. Bhutto seemed well aware of the fragility of
- her position. "You have bestowed a great honor on your sister
- and placed a heavy responsibility on her shoulders," she
- declared in a nationwide address.
-
- Now Bhutto faces the hard part: governing a volatile country
- burdened by poverty, landlessness, ethnic rivalry and foreign
- debt. Three out of four Pakistanis are illiterate; unemployment
- is endemic. The economy is headed toward bankruptcy. Finally,
- Islamabad is the reluctant host to some 3 million refugees from
- the fighting in Afghanistan.
-
- It is uncertain how much of a dent Bhutto can make in these
- problems. Not only is her majority in Parliament paper-thin, her
- power is diluted by the fact that the Senate is dominated by the
- opposition Islamic Democratic Alliance, as is the government of
- Punjab, the most populous province. Bhutto is further hobbled
- by promises made to keep the armed forces in their barracks.
- Cutting military expenditures, which consume 40% of the budget,
- is not feasible, Bhutto says, "unless you want to invite in
- martial law."
-
- Somehow Bhutto must find ways to meet some of the expectations
- of the poor, who form the P.P.P.'s main constituency. In the
- raucous streets of Rawalpindi following her elevation, those
- hopes were ballooning beyond reality. Explained a P.P.P.
- election worker: "We've been denied everything for the past
- eleven years. Now it's our turn to get a share."
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